Nke mbụ, surfactant
A na-ejikarị ụdị atọ nke surfactants ndị a:
1. Anionic surfactant
1) sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS)
Atụmatụ: Ezi biodegradability nke linear LAS;
Ngwa: Ejiri ya dị ka isi ihe na-esi na ntụ ntụ.
2) mmanya polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES)
Atụmatụ: soluble na mmiri, ezigbo nsị na ụfụfụ, jikọtara ya na nkwụsị nke LAS na arụmọrụ.
Ngwa: Isi akụrụngwa nke ncha ntutu, mmiri mmiri ịsa ahụ, cutlery LS.
3) alkane sulfonate nke abụọ (SAS)
Atụmatụ: ụfụfụ na mmetụta ịsa ahụ yiri LAS, ezigbo mmiri solubility.
Ngwa: N'ụdị mmiri mmiri naanị, dị ka mmiri ịsa efere ụlọ.
4) Sulfate mmanya na-egbu egbu (FAS)
Atụmatụ: Ezigbo nguzogide mmiri siri ike, mana nguzogide hydrolysis adịghị mma;
Ngwa: a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịkwadebe ihe ncha mmiri mmiri, ihe ndozi tableware, shampoos dị iche iche, ncha eze, textile wetting na nhicha ihe na emulsifying polymerization na chemical ụlọ ọrụ. Enwere ike iji ntụ ntụ FAS kwadebe ihe nchacha ntụ ntụ na ntụ ntụ wetting pesticide.
5) α-olefin sulfonate (AOS)
Atụmatụ: Arụmọrụ yiri LAS. Ọ na-adịchaghị ewute akpụkpọ ahụ ma na-eweda ya ngwa ngwa.
Ngwa: A na-ejikarị akwadebe ncha mmiri na ihe ịchọ mma.
6) Fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES)
Njirimara: ezigbo ọrụ elu, mgbasa ozi ncha calcium, ịsacha na nkwụsị, ezigbo biodegradability, obere toxicity, ma ogbenye alkaline iguzogide.
Ngwa: tumadi eji dị ka calcium ncha dispersant maka ngọngọ ncha na ncha ntụ ntụ.
7) mmanya na-aba n'anya polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate (AEC)
Atụmatụ: mmiri soluble, mmiri siri ike na-eguzogide, calcium ncha mgbasa, wettability, ụfụfụ, decontamination, obere iyatesịt, nwayọọ na akpụkpọ na anya;
Ngwa: A na-ejikarị ya na shampoos dị iche iche, bath bath na ngwaahịa nchedo onwe onye.
8) Nnu Acylsarcosine (ọgwụ)
Atụmatụ: soluble na mmiri, ezigbo ụfụfụ na nkwụsị, na-eguzogide mmiri siri ike, dị nro na akpụkpọ ahụ;
Ngwa: eji maka nkwadebe nke ntanya eze, ncha ntutu, mmiri mmiri ịsa ahụ na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye ọzọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọkụNgwọta LS,Ncha iko, ihe ncha kapet na ezigbo akwa akwa.
9) Oleyl polypeptide (Remibang A)
Njirimara: ncha calcium nwere ike ịgbasa nke ọma, kwụsiri ike na mmiri siri ike na ngwọta alkaline, ngwọta acidic dị mfe decompose, dị mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri, ike na-adịghị ike, obere mgbakasị ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ;
Ngwa: eji maka nkwadebe nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị iche icheNgwọta LS.
Onye na-ahụ maka ịsa ákwà _ ihe nchacha ihe
2. Ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants
1) polyoxyethylene ether abụba abụba (AEO)
Atụmatụ: Nkwụsi ike dị elu, mmiri dị mma solubility, electrolyte resistance, mfe biodegradation, obere ụfụfụ, na-adịghị emetụta mmiri siri ike, obere okpomọkụ ịsacha arụmọrụ, ezigbo ndakọrịta na ndị ọzọ surfactants;
Ngwa: Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịgwakọta mmiri mmiri ụfụfụ dị ala.
2) Alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (APE)
Atụmatụ: solubilizing, mmiri siri ike na-eguzogide, descaling, ezigbo ịsacha mmetụta.
Ngwa: eji maka nkwadebe nke mmiri mmiri dị iche iche na ntụ ntụ.
3) Fatty acid alkanolamide
Atụmatụ: ike na-eguzogide hydrolytic, na-enwe ụfụfụ siri ike na mmetụta nkwụsịtụ, ike ịsa ahụ dị mma, ike solubilizing, wetting, antistatic, softness and thickening effect.
Ngwa: eji maka nkwadebe nke ncha ntutu, mmiri mmiri ịsa ahụ, mmiri mmiri ụlọ, ihe nchacha ụlọ ọrụ, ihe mgbochi nchara, ihe enyemaka textile, wdg.
4) Alkyl glycosides (APG)
Atụmatụ: ala ala esemokwu, ezi decontamination, ezi ndakọrịta, synergistic, ezi ụfụfụ, mma solubility, alkali na electrolyte eguzogide, ezi ndim ike, ezi ndakọrịta na akpụkpọ, budata mma nwayọọ usoro, na-abụghị egbu egbu, na-adịghị ewe iwe, mfe biodegradation. .
Ngwa: Enwere ike iji ya dị ka isi akụrụngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị dị ka ncha ntutu, gel ịsa ahụ, ihe nchacha ihu, akwa nhicha, mmiri ịsa aka, mmiri ịsa efere, ihe oriri na ihe na-ehicha mkpụrụ osisi. A na-ejikwa ya na ntụ ntụ ncha, phosphorus - free detergent, phosphorus - free detergent na ihe ndị ọzọ sịntetik.
5) Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylation ngwaahịa (MEE)
Atụmatụ: ọnụ ala dị ala, ngwa ngwa mmiri solubility, obere ụfụfụ, obere iwe na akpụkpọ ahụ, obere nsị, ezigbo biodegradation, enweghị mmetọ.
Ngwa: eji eme ihe maka nkwadebe nke mmiri mmiri, ihe nchacha elu siri ike, ihe nchacha onwe onye, wdg.
6) Tea saponin
Atụmatụ: ike mkpochapụ siri ike, mgbochi mkpali analgesia, ezigbo biodegradation, enweghị mmetọ.
Ngwa: eji na nkwadebe nke ncha na ncha ntutu
7) Na-efunahụ sorbitol fatty acid ester (Span) ma ọ bụ na-efunahụ sorbitol polyoxyethylene ester ester (Tween):
Atụmatụ: adịghị egbu egbu, obere mgbakasị ahụ.
Ngwa: A na-eji maka nkwadebe nke ncha
8) Oxide tertiary amines (OA, OB)
Atụmatụ: ikike ịfụfụ dị mma, ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke ụfụfụ, ihe akaebe bactericidal na mildew, obere mgbakasị ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ, nkwụsị n'ozuzu ya, nchịkọta dị mma na nhazi.
Ngwa: eji akwadebe mmiri mmiri dị ka ncha ntutu, mmiri mmiri ịsa ahụ na ncha tebụl.
3. Amphoteric surfactant
1) Imidazoline amphoteric surfactant:
Atụmatụ: ike ịsa ahụ dị mma, nguzogide electrolyte, nkwụsi ike acid-base, antistatic na nro, arụmọrụ dị nro, adịghị egbu egbu, obere mgbakasị ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ.
Ngwa: eji maka nkwadebe nke ncha akwa, ncha ntutu, mmiri mmiri ịsa ahụ, wdg.
2) mgbanaka-emeghe imidazoline amphoteric surfactant:
Atụmatụ: dị nro, ọnya dị elu.
Ngwa: eji akwadebe ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye, ndị na-ehicha ụlọ, wdg.
Abụọ, ịsa ihe mgbakwunye
1. Ọrụ nke nchacha ihe mgbakwunye
Emelitere ọrụ elu; Na-eme ka mmiri siri ike dị nro; Melite arụmọrụ ụfụfụ; Belata mgbakasị anụ ahụ; Melite ọdịdị ngwaahịa.
A na-ekewa ihe enyemaka ịsacha n'ime inorganic na organic auxiliaries.
2. Ihe mgbakwunye inorganic
1) Phosphate
phosphates ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4), sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10), na tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7).
Isi ọrụ nke sodium tripolyphosphate: ao, nke mere na mmiri siri ike n'ime mmiri dị nro; Ọ nwere ike igbasa, emulsify na igbari inorganic irighiri ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụmụ irighiri mmiri. Debe ihe ngwọta nke mmiri na-adịghị ike (pH 9.7); Na-asa ntụ ntụ adịghị mfe itinye mmiri na agglomerate.
2) sodium silicate
A na-akpọkarị: sodium silicate ma ọ bụ paohua alkali;
Usoro ihe omimi: Na2O·nSiO2 · xH2O;
Usoro onunu ogwu: na-abụkarị 5% ~ 10%.
Isi ọrụ nke sodium silicate: nguzogide corrosion nke elu igwe; Nwere ike igbochi unyi itinye na akwa akwa;Ngwọta LS
Dịkwuo ike nke ịsacha ntụ ntụ iji gbochie caking.
3) sodium sulfate
A makwaara dị ka Mirabilite (Na2SO4)
Ọdịdị: kristal ọcha ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ;
Ọrụ bụ isi nke sodium sulfate: filler, ọdịnaya nke ntụ ntụ ntụ bụ 20% ~ 45%, nwere ike belata ọnụ ahịa ịsacha ntụ ntụ; Ọ na-enye aka na adhesion nke surfactant n'elu ákwà; Belata mkpokọta micele dị oke egwu nke surfactant.
4) sodium carbonate
A na-akpọkarị: soda ma ọ bụ soda, Na2CO3;
Ọdịdị: ọcha ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ kristal mma ahụ
Uru: nwere ike ime ka unyi saponification, ma nọgide na-enwe ụfọdụ pH uru nke ncha ngwọta, nyere aka decontaminate, nwere mmetụta nke nro mmiri;
Ihe ọghọm: alkaline siri ike, mana siri ike maka iwepụ mmanụ;
Ebumnuche: ntụ ntụ na-asa obere ọkwa.
5) zeolite
A makwaara dị ka sieve molecular, bụ nnu silicon aluminom kristal, na ikike mgbanwe Ca2 + siri ike, yana sodium tripolyphosphate na-ekekọrịta, nwere ike melite mmetụta ịsa ahụ.
6) ịcha ọcha
Isi hypochlorite na peroxate abụọ, gụnyere: sodium hypochlorite, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate na ndị ọzọ.
Ọrụ: ịcha ọcha na mkpochapụ kemịkalụ.
Ọtụtụ mgbe na mmepụta ihe ncha ntụ ntụ mgbe usoro nhazi ahụ gasịrị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ntụ ntụ n'ozuzu ya bụ 10% ~ 30% nke àgwà.
7) alkali
2. Organic mgbakwunye
1) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (onye na-egbochi ntinye ego)
Ọdịdị: ọcha ma ọ bụ milky na-acha ọcha fibrous ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ ahụ, dị mfe ịgbasa na mmiri n'ime uzo gelatin ngwọta.
Ọrụ CMC: ọ nwere ọrụ nke ịgbasa, ịgbasa, emulsifying, nkwusioru, mee ka ụfụfụ kwụsie ike na iburu unyi.
2) Onye na-acha ọcha fluorescent (FB)
Ihe a na-esiji agba nwere mmetụta na-egbuke egbuke dị ka fluorite, nke mere na ihe a na-ahụ anya na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha, na-acha agba agba, na-eme ka ọdịdị ahụ dịkwuo mma. Usoro onunu ogwu bụ 0.1% ~ 0.3%.
3) enzyme
Enzyme ncha ahịa bụ: protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase.
4) Foam stabilizer na ụfụfụ regulator
Ihe nchacha ụfụfụ dị elu: stabilizer foam
Lauryl diethanolamine na mmanụ aki oyibo diethanolamine.
Ncha ụfụfụ dị ala: onye na-achịkwa ụfụfụ
Dodecanoic acid ncha ma ọ bụ siloxane
5) isi
Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ dị iche iche ma nwee ezigbo ndakọrịta na ihe nchacha. Ha kwụsiri ike na pH9 ~ 11. Ogo nke kachasi mkpa agbakwunyere na detergent bụ ihe na-erughị 1%.
6) ngalaba-ihe mgbaze
Ethanol, urea, polyethylene glycol, toluene sulfonate, wdg.
Ihe ọ bụla nwere ike imebi njikọ nke solute na ihe mgbaze, na-eme ka mmasị nke solute na ihe mgbaze na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị njọ na ọrụ ịsacha na ọnụ ala nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze.
7) ihe mgbaze
(1) Mmanụ pine: igba ogwu
Mmanya, ethers na lipids: jikọta mmiri na ihe mgbaze
Ihe mgbaze chlorinated: egbu egbu, nke a na-eji na-ehicha ihe pụrụ iche, onye na-ehicha nkụ.
8) Bacteriostatic ihe
A na-agbakwunyekarị ihe nje bacteria na ogo puku ole na ole, dị ka: tribromosalicylate aniline, trichloroacyl aniline ma ọ bụ hexachlorobenzene, enweghị mmetụta antibacterial, ma n'ime puku ole na ole nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nwere ike igbochi mmeputakwa nke nje bacteria.
9) onye na-ahụ maka antistatic na onye na-eme ka ákwà dị nro
Na nro na antistatic cationic surfactants: dimethyl ammonium chloride dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide distearate, elu carbon alkyl pyridine nnu, elu carbon alkyl imidazoline nnu;
Na nro na-abụghị ionic surfactants: elu carbon mmanya polyoxyethylene ethers na amine oxide na ogologo carbon chains.
Oge nzipu: Mee-20-2022